Certified Biomedical Equipment Technician (CBET) Practice Exam

The major parts of a nerve cell, or neuron, include the axon and dendrite. The axon is responsible for transmitting electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body to other neurons or target tissues, such as muscles. This function is vital for communication within the nervous system. Conversely, dendrites are tree-like structures that receive signals from other neurons and transmit this information to the cell body. Collectively, axons and dendrites form the essential framework of neuron communication, allowing for the transmission of information throughout the nervous system.

The other options, while related to nerve cells, do not directly represent the major structural components of a neuron itself. The body typically refers to the cell body of the neuron, but "junction" is not a standard term used to describe a part of a nerve cell. Neurons and neuroglia are broader categories, where neuroglia refers to the supportive cells in the nervous system, rather than an individual part of a neuron. The nucleus is a component within the cell body of a neuron, and a ganglion is a structure that consists of a cluster of nerve cell bodies, but neither are considered major parts of an individual nerve cell.